by Barb Binder, Adobe Certified Instructor on Adobe InDesign
Updated: Nov 17, 2020. Works on InDesign CS4 and Later
Typesetting fractions is no fun, or at least it didn’t used to be. The introduction of OpenType fonts and the Glyphs panel were a great help, allowing point and click access to additional commonly used options:
But what if you need a fraction that isn’t included in the character set? You can manually superscript the numerator, kern the slash, and then go to work on the denominator. Or not! Wouldn’t it be cool if you could just type 1/2 and have it automatically format it as ? With the right fonts, you can, and it’s easy! Here’s how:
- Assuming that the fractions appear in your body text paragraphs, begin by creating a new Paragraph Style called “Body Text” and assign your favorite OpenType face, size and style (in this example, I’m using Adobe Garamond Pro), but don’t click OK just yet:
- To add the automatic fraction formatting, first click on the GREP Style category in the New Paragraph Style dialog box, and then click the New GREP Style button at the bottom:
- Change the To Text code to d+/ d+. (In English that means, look for one or more digits ( d+) followed by a forward slash (/) followed by one or more digits ( d+):
- Add a character style to the string by chosing New Character Style from the Apply Style drop-down list:
- Give the new style a logical name like Fractions, and then click on OpenType Features category. Click to place a checkmark in front of Fractions:
- Click OK twice to close the open dialog boxes. Assign your new paragraph style to a sample paragraph and start typing numbers, followed by a slash, followed by more numbers. It’s magical!
AUTHOR’S NOTES
Although text resizing is still an issue, due to the baseline shift, which Rodney acknowledges in his notes for the script, he also recommends the quick fix to use after resizing text, which is utilising Find/Change to correct the baseline shift values as required. Option 4- Find/Change no OpenType support.
For this sequence to work you need to a.) use InDesign CS4 or later and b.) use an OpenType font that offers numerators and denominators. Take Adobe Garamond Pro, for example. If you open the Glyphs panel (Type > Glyphs), you can show both the numerators:
and the denominators:
However, if you change the font (on the bottom row of the Glyphs panel) to Birch (another OpenType font):
You will notice that it does not have numerators and denominators, therefore, the technique shown above will not work.
Also, the GREP won’t work for you if you have a whole number, followed by a fraction (i.e., one and a half cups of flour typeset in fraction form). In that situation, add a space—spacebar, thin space, hair space—between the whole number and the numerator. Or, if you are sure that all of your fractions are single digits, you can just change the GREP from d+/d+ to just d/d to tell InDesign to only match a single digit numerator and denominator. (The plus symbol aftr the d matches one or more digits, which is why it grabs the leading digit.)
- Shift-drag to move the gap between only the two nearest objects. Ctrl-drag (Windows) or Command-drag (Mac OS) to resize the gap instead of moving it. Adding the Shift key resizes the gap between only the two nearest objects. Alt-drag (Windows) or Option-drag.
- With the drop cap selected, raise the baseline 50 points using the Baseline Shift. It's highlighted in the screenshot below. Let's also adjust the Tracking in the Character panel. Select the drop cap, and then set the Tracking to 40. Notice how this moves the body copy away from the drop cap.
What is a baseline grid, and why do you need one? A baseline grid consists of horizontal guide lines that keep lines of text consistent from page to page. Hold up a book and look at one of the pages against a lit background. The lines of type on both sides of the page should align neatly back to back. When your text is aligned on a baseline grid, it’ll line up beautifully throughout your whole book. You’ll also be able to easily align images with your text. This excerpt from Book Design Made Simple should answer all your questions.
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Baseline grids are always set to the size of the leading. If your main text has 14 pt leading, then your baseline grid is set to 14 pt. Sometimes if a book has very complex headings, subheadings, bulleted lists, etc., the baseline grid may be set to one half of the leading (say, 7 pt instead of 14 pt). This allows half-linespaces between headings and lists and can save space while still adhering to a baseline grid. But in most books, the baseline grid is simply set to the same point size as the leading.
Setting up your baseline grid
Open your Grid Preferences by clicking Edit>Preferences>Grids (Windows) or InDesign> Preferences>Grids (Mac). In the Baseline Grid box, choose a light color from the Color drop-down menu. See the settings below.
In the Start box, type “0 in,” and in the Relative To box, select Top of Page. This Start box setting is perfect for books with running feet (such as this book); however, if your book has running heads, you’ll change your Start box setting (see below).
In the Increment Every box, type the size of your leading (i.e., 14 pt). Leave everything else in this dialog box with the InDesign defaults.
Click OK, and a baseline grid will appear on your A-Master. If the grid doesn’t appear automatically, you may need to show it by clicking View>Grids & Guides>Show Baseline Grid and switching to Normal view. Now you’ll see horizontal lines 14 pts apart across your 2-page spread from top to bottom.
Your baseline grid will only be visible in Normal view, not in Preview. Press W to switch views while the Selection Tool is in use and nothing is selected.
Adjusting your baseline grid for running heads
Running heads are always placed two baselines above your main text. If your book has running heads, it’s best to start your baseline grid one line above your top margin.
First click Layout>Margins and Columns, and write down your Top Margin figure. Then go back into Grid Preferences and write down the figure for your leading in points (from the Increment Every box). Convert points to inches by dividing the number of points by 72 (1 inch = 72 points). Then use this formula to calculate your final figure for the Start box:
top margin –1 line of leading = figure for the Start box
For example: top margin (0.85”) minus 14 pt (0.1944”) = 0.6556” (type “0.6556 in” in the Start box). Click OK, and now you should have one baseline above your top margin for your running heads to sit on.
Now look at your bottom margin and see where it falls in relation to the baseline grid. If you find that the bottom margin is slightly above a baseline, adjust the margin so it’s slightly below instead. Otherwise your text won’t flow onto that line. To do this, click Layout>Margins and Columns, check both the Enable Layout Adjustment box and the Preview box, then increase or decrease the Bottom Margin until it falls just below the closest baseline. Click OK.
Aligning your text to the baseline grid
Switch back to any 2-page spread by double-clicking one in your Pages panel. Now you’ll see your baseline grid, but notice that none of the text is lining up on it yet. You’ll need to change a setting in your Basic Paragraph style.
Double-click Basic Paragraph in your Paragraph Styles panel to open it. Select Indents and Spacing on the left. From the Align to Grid drop-down menu, choose All Lines, then click OK.
Look through your pages and see how they look when aligned to the baseline grid. Your main text should look fine, as will all text set with the same leading value as your baseline grid. However, not all of your text will look fine with that leading value. This includes text with smaller leading values (such as your copyright page, endnotes, index, and so on), as well as text with larger leading values (for example, titles and headings).
If you notice some text that shouldn’t be aligned to the baseline grid, you can open the relevant paragraph style and, under Indents and Spacing, change Align to Grid: to None.
Baseline shift increments can be as small as hundredths of a point. In this example, the baseline of the type will be 1.25 points below the baseline grid.
The chapter goes on to describe situations where you might want to lift your type off the grid, such as for some headings or for equations. This is called baseline shift, and you can adjust it on the Control panel at the top of your screen (see example to the right).
Baseline grid in text frames
We are often asked how to set up more than one baseline grid in a document or on a page. Sorry, folks, but it’s not possible—yet. However, if you have smaller type in separate text frames (i.e., captions or sidebars), you can add a baseline grid that’s specific to those text frames.
Indesign Grid Lines
Select a sidebar text frame, for example, then open the Text Frame Options dialog box (Ctrl/Cmd+B). Choose the Baseline Options tab, add the leading value to the Increment Every box (in the example to the right, 10.5 pt), and click OK. Now create a new object style based on this text frame and save it as sidebar. And, finally, update your sidebar paragraph style so that the text Aligns to Grid. Voila!
Anytime you want, you can make the baseline grid disappear while keeping your margins and guides visible. Simply go to View > Grids & Guides> Hide Baseline Grid.
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Read more: Book running heads »
Read more: Typesetting math in InDesign »
Baseline Grid In Indesign
The excerpt above is from Book Design Made Simple, Second Edition, chapter 23, Setting up your baseline grid, pages 138–141. Copyright © 2017 Fiona Raven and Glenna Collett.
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Baseline Shift Illustrator
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